IBS Constipation: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

May 24, 2025

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common digestive disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. Among the different types of IBS, IBS with constipation (IBS-C) is one of the most challenging to manage, causing discomfort and disruption to daily life. In this blog, we will explore IBS constipation as well as its symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and various treatment options, including dietary changes and medication.

What is IBS and It’s Types?

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder that affects the large intestine (colon). It is characterized by a combination of symptoms that may include abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea, constipation, or a mix of both. IBS does not cause permanent damage to the intestines, but it can significantly affect a person’s quality of life.

IBS is categorized into four types based on a patient’s predominant symptoms. Some different types of IBS include: IBS-D (diarrhea), IBS-C (constipation), and IBS-M (mixed, with alternating diarrhea and constipation). IBS-C, or IBS with constipation, is particularly challenging due to the persistent abdominal discomfort and difficulty passing stool.

What are the IBS Constipation Symptoms?

IBS-C symptoms can vary from person to person, but common signs include:

Abdominal pain: Cramping or discomfort, often relieved by passing stool.
Bloating: A feeling of fullness or swelling in the abdomen.
Constipation: Difficulty in passing stools, infrequent bowel movements, or hard stools.
Straining: Having to strain during bowel movements.
A feeling of incomplete evacuation: A sensation that the bowel has not fully emptied.

It is important to note that IBS symptoms may fluctuate, with periods of symptom relief followed by flare-ups.

What Causes IBS?

The exact cause of IBS is still not fully understood, but several factors may contribute to the development of IBS, particularly IBS-C. These include:

Abnormal muscle contractions in the intestines: These can lead to either slow or irregular movements in the colon, affecting stool passage.
Gut-brain interaction: Stress and anxiety can exacerbate IBS symptoms, as the brain and gut are closely linked through the nervous system.
Dietary triggers: Certain foods can provoke IBS symptoms, especially in those with IBS-C.
Gut microbiota: An imbalance in the gut’s bacterial population may contribute to IBS.
Genetic factors: IBS can run in families, suggesting a potential genetic link.

Diagnosis of IBS

Diagnosing IBS involves a thorough medical history and symptom review. A doctor may conduct several tests to rule out other conditions, such as:

Blood tests: To check for infections or other conditions that could mimic IBS symptoms.
Stool tests: To rule out infections or inflammation.
Colonoscopy: In some cases, especially for those over 50 or with alarming symptoms, a colonoscopy may be recommended to check for conditions like colorectal cancer.

There is no definitive test for IBS, so diagnosis is often based on symptoms and by ruling out other possible causes.

Treatment Methods for IBS Constipation

Treating IBS, particularly IBS-C, involves a multifaceted approach that includes dietary changes, lifestyle modifications, and sometimes medication. Here are some common treatment strategies:

IBS Constipation Treatment:

Dietary changes: A diet rich in fiber can help alleviate constipation, though some people may find that a high-fiber diet exacerbates their symptoms.
Hydration: Drinking plenty of water helps soften stools and reduce constipation.
Regular exercise: Physical activity can improve digestion and promote regular bowel movements.

IBS Constipation Medication:

Several medications can help manage IBS-C symptoms:

Laxatives: Used sparingly for short-term relief of constipation.
Prescription medications: Drugs like linaclotide or lubiprostone can stimulate bowel movements in people with IBS-C.
Antispasmodic medications: These can relieve abdominal cramping and discomfort.

FODMAP Diet for IBS Constipation:

The Low FODMAP diet is often recommended for IBS patients as it eliminates foods that are hard to digest. FODMAP stands for Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols – a group of short-chain carbohydrates that can cause symptoms in people with IBS. By following a low FODMAP diet, many IBS sufferers can identify specific foods that trigger IBS symptoms and reduce bloating, pain, and constipation.

Natural Remedies for IBS-Constipation

While medications and dietary changes are essential for managing IBS-C, many people turn to natural remedies for added relief. Here are some options:

Probiotics: These beneficial bacteria can help balance gut microbiota and improve digestion, potentially easing IBS symptoms.
Peppermint oil: Known for its ability to relax the muscles of the intestines and reduce cramping, peppermint oil may be beneficial for IBS.
Magnesium supplements: Magnesium helps with muscle relaxation and may promote bowel movements in individuals with IBS-C.
Herbal teas: Ginger or chamomile tea can have soothing effects on the digestive system and reduce inflammation.

Conclusion

IBS constipation (IBS-C) can be a frustrating and painful condition to manage, but with the right treatment plan, individuals can reduce their symptoms and improve their quality of life. Understanding IBS, recognizing its symptoms, and following a tailored diet and medication regimen can help you manage the condition effectively. Whether it’s through dietary changes like the low FODMAP diet, medication, or natural remedies, there are many ways to find relief.

FAQs

1. Can IBS cause constipation?

A. Yes, IBS can cause constipation, specifically in those with IBS-C, where difficulty passing stools, infrequent bowel movements, and abdominal discomfort are prominent symptoms.

2. What is the best IBS constipation treatment?

A. The best treatment varies per individual but typically includes a combination of dietary adjustments, medications, and lifestyle changes like increasing fiber intake, staying hydrated, and regular exercise.

3. What foods should I avoid with IBS constipation?

A. Avoiding high FODMAP foods, such as dairy, certain fruits (apples, pears), and gluten, can help manage IBS-C symptoms. Consulting a dietitian for a personalized plan is often helpful.

4. How does the FODMAP diet help IBS constipation?

A. The FODMAP diet helps by eliminating foods that can trigger digestive issues in people with IBS, including bloating, pain, and constipation.

5. What are the natural remedies for IBS constipation?

A. Yes, natural remedies such as probiotics, peppermint oil, magnesium, and herbal teas like ginger or chamomile may help alleviate IBS-C symptoms.